Did you know that approximately 1% of our furry pals develop diabetes at some time in their lives? Diabetes is less common in pets than in humans, although it is not uncommon. In this piece, a local Guelph, ON veterinarian discusses some basic information about diabetic pets.
What is Diabetes Mellitus?
Diabetes is essentially the same in humans and pets. It occurs when the pet’s body is unable to effectively metabolize glucose, which is required to fuel the body. Here’s where insulin comes into play. Insulin governs the mechanism by which glucose is converted into fuel. To put it another way, insulin regulates the physiological process that causes Fido to perform zoomies and happy dances after eating his favorite canine treat. When that process goes wrong, it seriously threatens your pet’s health.
As you may be aware, there are two types of diabetes. Regardless of what the pet ate, both sorts eventually cause the body to starve for energy. Type 1 occurs when the body does not create insulin. This is usually caused by pancreatic injury or failure. This is the more common variety among our canine companions. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by the body’s inability to adequately utilize insulin. In some circumstances, the pancreas generates some insulin, but it is either insufficient or the cells are unable to properly digest it. This is especially common in dogs that are overweight or in their senior years. It is also the most prevalent type among cats. Female dogs can also develop diabetes when pregnant.
Contact your Guelph, ON veterinarian for further information.
What Are the Health Risks of Diabetes?
Diabetes can result in a variety of secondary health issues. Unfortunately, some are life-threatening. Some of these include cataracts, liver difficulties, kidney problems, and seizures.
Then there’s ketoacidosis, which is quite dangerous. When the body is famished for sustenance, it begins to break down fat and protein. This creates ketones. You’ve probably heard the term ‘ketosis’ a lot, as it is the foundation of the keto diet. However, whereas low quantities of ketone bodies in the blood are healthy, higher levels are not. In fact, they can cause havoc in the body, resulting in a chain reaction of negative consequences. They make the blood more acidic, disrupting the electrolyte balance. This leads to dehydration. As the disease advances, it may cause enlargement of brain cells, organ failure, and impaired muscle function. Ketoacidosis can be fatal if not addressed, so this is a serious condition. The disorder also causes a buildup of sugar in the blood, which can result in serious organ damage.
Be especially watchful for indications of hypoglycemia and/or diabetic ketoacidosis. Some of these symptoms include weakness or lethargy, tremors, seizures, uncoordinated motions or unusual walking, sweet-smelling breath, unwillingness to eat or drink, vomiting, diarrhea, erratic/rapid breathing, cataracts, high blood pressure, and/or urinary tract infections. If you see any of these issues, contact your veterinarian straight away.
What Are the Risk Factors for Diabetes In Pets?
Pets can get diabetes at any time in their life. Nonetheless, there are several clear risk factors. Breed is one. Diabetes can affect any pet, but certain breeds are more susceptible than others. Many small dog breeds are particularly vulnerable.
Here are other risk factors:
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Pancreatic Illness
- Hypothyroidism
- Kidney Disease
- Dental Disease
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Skin Infections
- Use Of Steroids
Amyloidosis would also put cats at risk. Hypothyroidism, renal failure, and Cushing’s disease are all risk factors for dogs.
What Are the Signs of Diabetes in Pets?
It is always important to keep a close eye on your pet and look for indicators that something is wrong. Early intervention can make a significant difference in diabetes. Warning signs include excessive thirst, increased urine output, unexplained weight loss, increased appetite (with or without weight loss), lethargy, weakness, cloudy eyes, unusual gait, poor coat condition, skin infections, and urinary tract infections. If you notice any of those, contact your veterinarian straight away.
How Should I Care for My Diabetic Pet?
Once Fido and Fluffy are diagnosed with diabetes, they will most certainly require therapy for the remainder of their lives. However, there is no reason to panic. In many circumstances, caring for a diabetic pet will be similar to caring for any other pet.
Your vet will be able to offer specific care advice. Treatment and care options may include the following:
Insulin injections: While they might appear scary at first, insulin injections are pretty straightforward. Once you and your pet are accustomed to the routine, this will most likely just take a few minutes per day.
Medication: Certain drugs may also help to regulate blood sugar levels.
Nutrition: Your pet’s nutrition is essential to their overall health. You should feed your dog or cat a high-quality brand that is low in carbs. Portion management is also critical here. Even giving your pet a few extra calories each day can cause weight growth.
It’s also vital to understand what not to feed a diabetic pet. Get in the habit of reading labels. Anything with corn syrup is an immediate no. Products containing sugar or honey are also not suggested. Additionally, you should limit Fido’s intake of fatty foods like peanut butter.
Glucose Monitoring: You’ll also need to check your pet’s glucose levels on a regular basis, either through blood, urine, or both. Your vet will give you instructions on this.
Veterinary Care: Pets with diabetes may require more frequent office visits, especially if they have additional health conditions. Follow your Guelph, ON veterinarian’s recommended appointment schedule.
Last but not least, you’ll want to keep your pet happy and healthy. Purrs and tail wags are important, too!
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